International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Authors
Jeffin Joseph, Sawmya Sabu, MINJU SAJI, Dr. Elessy Abraham

Abstract
Numerous investigations have shown that both tissue as well as cell distribution profiles of anticancer drugs can be controlled by their entrapment in submicronic colloidal systems (nanoparticles). The aim behind this approach is to increase antitumor efficacy and to reduce systemic side-effects. The biological application of nanoparticles is a developing branch of nanotechnology that raises new possibilities in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. The use of nano technology in cancer treatment offers possibilities including destruction of tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissue and organs. This review provides information regarding tumor targeting with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles. The in vivo fate of nanoparticles, after intravascular or tumor administration and the mechanism involved in tumor regression is discussed. Nanoparticles are beneficial for the selective delivery of oligonucleotides to tumor cells. Moreover, certain types of nanoparticles shows capacity to reverse MDR resistance, which is a major problem in conventional chemotherapy. The use of nanoparticles will allow simultaneous tumor targeting and drug delivery in a unique manner. Ultimately, the advantages include enhancing solubility of hydrophobic drugs, circulation time prolongation, minimizing nonspecific uptake, preventing undesirable off-target and adverse effects, improving intracellular penetration, and allowing for specific cancer targeting.