Traditional system of Medicine is the most widely practiced system of medicine, which incorporates natural sources like entire plants or their parts. The therapeutic of drugs used in various systems greatly depends on the use of proper and genuine raw materials. Because of these, assurance of safety, quality, and of medicinal plants and herbal products has now become a key issue. Pharmacognostic studies play a vital role in assessing the quality, purity and identification of a plant drug. The misuse of herbal medicine or natural product starts with wrong identification which can be solved by pharmacognostic studies of medicinal plants. According to WHO, the pharmacognostic evaluation of a medicinal plant is the first step to be carried out to establish its identity and purity? The Physicochemical screening are also important to cheek if the drug is adulterant or not. Phytochemical screening is also important to find out the active chemical constituents like Alkaloid, glycoside, tannin, protein etc present or not in the extracts. Hence the present study deals with the details pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of leaves of Polygonum muricatum commonly known as Jabuit from Polygonaceae family.