The ethnomedicinal plant, Peucedanum dhana Buch-Ham from Jharkhand was extensively investigated for its phytochemical profiling. The preliminary tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins and fixed oils. The FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive compounds such as Lauric acid; Elaidic acid; 1-Phenyl-1-nonyne; 2-Furanmethanamine and 1,1,3,3-Tetraallyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane in the methanolic extract of root, while the leaf exhbited to possess 2,2-Dimethylchromenocoumarin; α-Caryophyllene; β-Caryophyllene; 2-Ethylacridine; 1,1-Diethoxypentane and 8,8-Dimethyl-2-oxo-9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate. The leaf also possesses β-Elemene, an anti-proliferative agent of cancer cells. Moreover, GC-MS analysis detected several compounds, whose bioactivities have not yet been known. P. dhana could be a rich source of several drugs used against diseases such as cancer, oral and dental diseases, inflammation, neural damage, depression, alcoholism and epilepsy. Hence, the endangered plant draws urgent attention to conserve and propagate it before it becomes extinct.