Karnal bunt caused by Tilletia indica Mitra (Neovossia indica Mitra) (Mundkur) was first recorded in April, 1930 from Botanical Research Station, Karnal (Haryana) on wheat cultivar, foundation and Punjab A. The disease was prevalent in the sub-continent since long, infecting native wheat’s grown over North Western India but it never caused serious yield reduction. However, the disease appeared in serious proportions in early 1970s with the introduction of dwarf Mexican Wheat Varieties into India and Pakistan. Till 1974-75 the disease remained restricted to Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh. In some places, it appeared in the epidemic form in different years. In the absence of strict domestic quarantine regulation, it spread to new areas in North Western Wheat belt. However, Madhya Pradesh, southern Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Peninsular India are free from Karnal bunt due to high temperatures. It is also reported from Nepal, Iran, Mexico, United States, South Africa, Brazil, Afghanistan, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Sweden, Poland, Italy. The pathogen is floral infecting organism that partially infects seeds of bread wheat, durum wheat and also the triticale. Not all the spikes on a plant are infected and within a spike only a few spikelets are bunted. Infected grains are irregularly distributed in the spike mostly partially infected and sometimes completely infected. The disease in seed, soil and air borne in nature and difficult to manage and different strategies like crop rotation, delayed sowing, avoiding excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer and irrigation are no more tenable in present day intensive agriculture.