Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels sometimes referred to as the Java plum, black plum, jamun, or jambolana, is an evergreen tropical tree belonging to the family Myrtaceae. Jamun is a popularly used medicinal herb in Ayurveda. Despite the fact that it has several medicinal properties, there is some published research on the pharmacognostic characterisation and physicochemical examination of its leaves. Macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, physicochemical analysis and preliminary phytochemical screening were the methods used for pharmacognostic characterisation. The microscopic analysis revealed helpful characteristics for the identification of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaf. Transverse section revealed the presence of a single layer of wavy epidermal cells with striated cuticle, palisade beneath the upper epidermis in the lamina region, a layer of sphaeraphide in the lamina region, collenchyma above and below the upper epidermis in the midrib region, Xylem and phloem in center, Sclerenchyma in between vascular bundle and collenchyma in midrib region. The lower epidermis has anisocytic stomata. Through powder microscopy, spiral vessels, calcium oxalate crystal sheaths in the lamina, fibre fragments, and bordered pitted reticulate vessels were seen. According to physical and chemical composition studies, Total ash was found to be 3.1%, acid insoluble ash was 0.7%, alcohol soluble and water-soluble extractive values were found to be 10.96% and 12.32% respectively. A phytochemical examination found sugar, lipid, glycoside, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids in the leaf. The study creates the initial report on pharmacognostic traits and a physicochemical characteristic that may be helpful for plant identification and authentication. This review will generate the data to justify the use of this plant in a variety of ayurvedic applications. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhoea. Preclinical studies have also revealed that it has chemoprotective, radioprotective, and antineoplastic properties. The current review has been designed to describe the existing data on traditional and medicinal uses of the Syzygium cumini leaf.