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VOL. 9, ISSUE 1 (2024)
Role of statins: A review
Authors
Linyakallo Grace Mabohla, Shivam Alpeshkumar Parmar, Vinyas Mayasa
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death
globally. Over decades of research, it is firmly established that elevated
LDL-C levels significantly contribute to atherosclerosis and CVD. Statin
therapy is very effective in lowering LDL-C, supported by robust evidence
demonstrating reduced cardiovascular events and mortality. Statins inhibit the
enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in cholesterol synthesis.
Beyond lowering cholesterol, they possess additional beneficial properties
including anti-inflammatory effects and plaque stabilization. Statin therapy
forms the foundation of lipid-lowering treatments for secondary CVD prevention
and conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia or diabetes. Evidence also
supports statin use in some moderate/low risk primary prevention settings.
However, risk assessment tools have limitations in identifying individuals with
substantial lifelong CVD risk. Statins reduce major vascular events by ~22% per
1 mmol/L LDL-C reduction. Benefits are demonstrated with various statins like
rosuvastatin across differing baseline CRP levels. High-intensity statins
regress coronary atherosclerosis. Statin therapy confers advantages in chronic
kidney disease patients except end-stage disease requiring dialysis. It lowers
CVD events in diabetes by 21% per 39 mg/dL LDL-C reduction. Side effects like
new onset diabetes, neurocognitive dysfunction, and hepatotoxicity may
occasionally occur with statins.
Pages:72-75
How to cite this article:
Linyakallo Grace Mabohla, Shivam Alpeshkumar Parmar, Vinyas Mayasa "Role of statins: A review". International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 9, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 72-75
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