The global demand for medicinal crops is driven by their pivotal role in pharmaceutical industries and their alignment with consumer preferences for natural, plant-based remedies. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability, environmental sustainability, and scalability of medicinal crop cultivation, focusing on Aloe vera, Ashwagandha, and Turmeric. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating cost-benefit analyses, life cycle assessments (LCA), and thematic analyses of farmer interviews. Primary data were collected through structured surveys involving farmers, agricultural experts, and stakeholders, while secondary data were sourced from government reports and academic literature.

The cost-benefit analysis revealed that Ashwagandha achieved the highest profitability with a 40% profit margin, followed by Aloe vera (35%) and Turmeric (25%). Regression models identified significant predictors of profitability, including access to irrigation (p < 0.01) and organic farming practices (p < 0.05). Environmental impact assessments showed Aloe vera had the lowest carbon footprint, emitting 0.8 tons CO2 equivalent per hectare, while Turmeric had the highest at 2.1 tons CO2 equivalent per hectare. Biodiversity assessments indicated a 15% increase in insect diversity within medicinal crop fields compared to conventional agriculture. Thematic analyses highlighted barriers such as limited market access and insufficient training for farmers.