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VOL. 11, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Nanotoxicity: A comprehensive review of health and environmental impacts
Authors
Deepak Prashar, Gulshan Chandel, Nitin Bohra, Chirag, Akshay Sharma, Abhishek
Abstract
Nanotoxicity refers to the potential toxic effects of nanomaterials on
living organisms and the environment. As nanotechnology rapidly advances,
understanding the health and environmental implications of engineered
nanoparticles has become critical. Nanoparticles, defined as particles with at
least one dimension less than 100 nanometers, exhibit unique physicochemical
properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts. These
properties, while beneficial for technological applications, can pose
unexpected health risks through inhalation, dermal, and oral exposure routes.
This review synthesizes current knowledge on nanotoxicity mechanisms, including
oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity. Recent scenarios demonstrate
emerging concerns regarding occupational exposure in manufacturing facilities
and environmental contamination. Clinical observations reveal potential
respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological effects in exposed individuals.
Economic implications are substantial, affecting regulatory compliance costs,
liability concerns, and public health expenditures. Comprehensive risk
assessment frameworks, standardized testing protocols, and regulatory
guidelines are essential for safe nanotechnology development. This paper
examines current literature, recent case studies, clinical manifestations, and
economic considerations while proposing integrated approaches for nanotoxicity
management and prevention. Future research must address knowledge gaps
regarding long-term health effects, environmental persistence, and
bioaccumulation potential of nanoparticles to ensure sustainable nanotechnology
implementation.
Pages:138-141
How to cite this article:
Deepak Prashar, Gulshan Chandel, Nitin Bohra, Chirag, Akshay Sharma, Abhishek "Nanotoxicity: A comprehensive review of health and environmental impacts". International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 138-141
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